Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis☆

Background/Aims

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic plaque psoriasis are both associated with metabolic syndrome and increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease. We assessed the frequency and characteristics of NAFLD in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis.

Methods

One hundred and thirty consecutive patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and 260 apparently healthy controls matched for age, sex and body mass index were enrolled. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound after excluding other secondary causes of chronic liver disease.

Results

The frequency of NAFLD was remarkably greater in psoriasis patients than in controls (47% vs. 28%; p<0.0001). Patients with psoriasis and NAFLD (n=61) were more likely to have metabolic syndrome and had higher serum C-reactive protein concentrations and greater severity of psoriasis according to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score (14.2±12.6 vs. 9.6±7.4; p<0.01) than those with psoriasis alone (n=69). In a subgroup of psoriasis patients (n=43), those with NAFLD (n=21) also had significantly higher serum interleukin-6 and lower serum adiponectin levels. Notably, in multivariate regression analysis, NAFLD was associated with higher PASI score independently of age, gender, body mass index, psoriasis duration, and alcohol consumption.

Conclusions

NAFLD is frequent in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis – affecting up to nearly half of these patients – and is strongly associated with psoriasis severity. Early recognition of NAFLD by radiological imaging tests in this group of patients is warranted.

Abbreviations: NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, PASI, psoriasis area and severity index, BMI, body mass index, CRP, C-reactive protein, IL-6, interleukin-6

Keywords: Psoriasis, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Metabolic syndrome, Adiponectin, IL-6