Involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice

Background/Aims

Although mitochondria have been demonstrated as primary targets in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, the mechanism for mitochondria-mediated toxicity has not been defined. We examined the role of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in the acetaminophen-induced liver injury.

Methods

Male CD-1 mice were given intraperitoneally acetaminophen (350mg/kg) without or with cyclosporin A (50mg/kg), a specific inhibitor of MPT. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a marker of liver injury, and other biochemical parameters were determined.

Results

Acetaminophen-induced ALT leakage was attenuated by co-administration of cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin A did not affect acetaminophen-induced early decrease in hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) contents, indicating lack of the effect on the metabolic activation. Acetaminophen-induced decrease in mitochondrial GSH and ATP contents, and cytosolic leakage of cytochrome c were attenuated by cyclosporin A, suggesting that mitochondrial oxidative stress and ATP depletion resulting from MPT are principle mechanisms involved in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Mitochondrial swelling by calcium was exacerbated in the mitochondria isolated from the acetaminophen-treated mice. In vitro exposure of intact mitochondria to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) with calcium caused mitochondrial swelling.

Conclusions

The present data indicate that the MPT is the principal mechanism in the acetaminophen-induced liver injury and NAPQI is a candidate to open the transition pore.

Keywords: Acetaminophen, Liver injury, Mitochondrial permeability transition, Cyclosporin A, Glutathione, ATP, Cytochrome c, N-Acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine