Impact of liver biopsy size on histological evaluation of chronic viral hepatitis: the smaller the sample, the milder the disease

Abstract 

Background/Aims: In chronic viral hepatitis, liver biopsy is performed for assessing disease activity and fibrosis. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the size of liver biopsy on the grading and staging.

Methods: We selected 161 liver biopsies from patients with chronic types B and C hepatitis on the basis of their length (≥3 cm) and width (1.4 mm). Ishak scoring system was used for grading and staging. The score was blindly repeated reducing the length of the specimen from ≥3 to 1.5 cm and to 1 cm long and width from 1.4 to 1 mm.

Results: Reducing the length of the biopsy led to an increase of cases with mild grades: 49.7% in ≥3 cm, 60.2% in 1.5 cm and 86.6% in 1 cm long specimens (P<0.001). Similarly, cases staged as having mild fibrosis significantly increased in the shorter specimens: 59% in ≥3 cm, 68.3% in 1.5 cm and 80.1% in 1 cm long specimens (P<0.001). As for the width, both grade and stage were significantly underscored in the 1 mm samples, regardless of their length.

Conclusions: Liver biopsy size strongly influences the grading and staging of chronic viral hepatitis. The use of fine needles should be discouraged in this setting.

Keywords:  Liver biopsy, Chronic hepatitis, Grading, Staging, Sample size

Abbreviations:  Overall, agreement, OA, Weighted, agreement, WA